Note: These criteria are based on extensive clinical experience but have not yet been statistically validated by field trials. Consider a criterion met only if the behavior is considerably more frequent than that of most people of the same mental age.
A. A chronic disturbance in which at least twelve of the following are present:
1. a sense of underachievement, of not meeting one's goals (regardless of how much one has accomplished)
We put this symptom first because it is the most common reason an
adult seeks help. "I just can't get my act together," is the frequent
refrain. The person may be highly accomplished by objective
standards, or may be floundering, stuck with a sense of being lost in
a maze, unable to capitalize on innate potential.
2. difficulty getting organized
A major problem for most adults with ADD. Without the structure of
school, without parents around to get things organized for him or her,
the adult may stagger under the organizational demands of everyday
life. The supposed "little things" may mount up tp create huge obstacles.
For the want of a proverbial nail--a missed appointment, a lost check, a
forgotten deadline --their kingdom may be lost.
3. chronic procrastination or trouble getting started
Adults with ADD associate so much anxiety with beginning a task, due
to their fears that they won't do it right, that they put it off, and off,
which, of course, only adds to the anxiety around the task.
4. many projects going simultaneously; trouble with follow-through
A corollary of #3. As one task is put off, another is taken up. By the end
of the day, or week, or year, countless projects have been undertaken,
while few have found completion.
5. tendency to say what comes to mind without necessarily considering the timing or appropriateness of the
remark.
Like the child with ADD in the classroom, the adult with ADD gets
carries away in enthusiasm. An idea comes and it must be spoken, tact
or guile yielding to child-like exuberance.
6. an ongoing search for high stimulation
The adult with ADD is always on the lookout for something novel,
something in the outside world that can catch up with the whirlwind
that's rushing inside.
7. a tendency to be easily bored
A corollary of #6. Boredom surrounds the adult with ADD like a
sinkhole, ever ready to drain off energy and leave the individual
hungry for more stimulation. This can easily be misinterpreted as a
lack of interest; actually it is a relative inability to sustain
interest over time. As much as the person cares, his battery pack runs
low quickly.
8. easy distractibility, trouble focusing attention, tendency to tune out or drift away in the middle of a page
or a conversation, often coupled with an ability to hyperfocus at times
The hallmark symptom of ADD. The "tuning out" is quite involuntary. It
happens when the person isn't looking, so to speak, and the next thing
you know, he or she isn't there. The often extraordinary ability to
hyperfocus is also usually present, emphasizing the fact that this is a
syndrome not of attention deficit but of attention inconsistency.
9. often creative, intuitive, highly intelligent
Not a symptom, but a trait deserving of mention. Adults with ADD
often have unusually creative minds. In the midst of their
disorganization and distractibility, they show flashes of brilliance.
Capturing this "special something" is one of the goals of treatment.
10. trouble going through established channels, following proper procedure
Contrary to what one might think, this is not due to some unresolved
problem with authority figures. Rather it is a manifestation of boredom
and frustration: boredom with routine ways of doing things and
excitement around novel approaches, and frustration with being unable
to do things the way they're supposed to be done.
11. impatient; low tolerance for frustration
Frustration of any sort reminds the adult with ADD of all the failures in
the past. "Oh no," he thinks, "here we go again." So he gets angry or
withdraws. The impatience has to do with the need for stimulation and
can lead others to think of the individual as immature or insatiable.
12. impulsive, either verbally or in action, as in impulsive spending of money, changing plans, enacting new
schemes or career plans, and the like
This is one of the more dangerous of the adult symptoms, or, depending
on the impulse, one of the more advantageous.
13. tendency to worry needlessly, endlessly; tendency to scan the horizon looking for something to worry
about alternating with inattention to or disregard for actual dangers
Worry becomes what attention turns into when it isn't focused on some
task.
14. sense of impending doom, insecurity, alternating with high-risk-taking
This symptom is related to both the tendency to worry needlessly and
the tendency to be impulsive.
15. mood swings, depression, especially when disengaged from a person or a project
Adults with ADD, more than children, are given to unstable moods.
Much of this is due to their experience of frustration and/or failure,
while some of it is due to the biology of the disorder.
16. restlessness
One usually does not see, in an adult, the full-blown hyperactivity one
may see in a child. Instead one sees what looks like "nervous energy":
pacing, drumming of fingers, shifting position while sitting, leaving a
table or room frequently, feeling edgy while at rest.
17. tendency toward addicitive behavior
The addiction may be to a substance such as alcohol or cocaine, or to an
activity, such as gambling, or shopping, or eating, or overwork.
18. chronic problems with self-esteem
These are the direct and unhappy result of years of conditioning:
years of being told one is a klutz, a spaceshot, an underachiever,
lazy, weird, different, out of it, and the like. Years of frustration,
failure, or of just not getting it right to do lead to problems with
self-esteem. What is impressive is how resilient most adults are,
despite all the setbacks.
19. inaccurate self-observation
People with ADD are poor self-observers. They do not accurately gauge
the impact they have on other people. This can often lead to big
misunderstandings and deeply hurt feelings.
20. Family history of ADD or manic-depressive illness or depression or substance abuse or other disorders of impulse control or mood
A. Since ADD is genetically transmitted and related to the other considerations mentioned, it is not uncommon (but not necessary) to find such a family history.
B. Childhood history of ADD (It may have been formally diagnosed, but in reviewing the history the signs and symptoms were there.
C. Situation not explained by other medical or psychiatric condition.
It cannot be stressed too firmly how important it is not to diagnose oneself. From the information and examples presented here it is hoped that your suspicion may be raised, but an evaluation by a physician and/or mental health professional specially trained in ADD/ADHD diagnosis to rule out other conditions is essential.
Click Here for copy of the WHO Adult ADHD Symptom Checklist